bottom countercurrent

См. также в других словарях:

• Countercurrent exchange — Counter heat current exchange: Note the gradually declining differential and that the once hot and cold streams exit at the reversed temperature difference; the hotter entering stream becomes the exiting cooler stream and vice versa.… …   Wikipedia

• Countercurrent multiplication — A countercurrent multiplier system is a mechanism that expends energy to create a concentration gradient. It is found widely in nature and especially in mamalian organs. For example, it can refer to the process underlying the process of urine… …   Wikipedia

• environmental works — ▪ civil engineering Introduction       infrastructure that provides cities and towns with water supply, waste disposal, and pollution control services. They include extensive networks of reservoirs, pipelines, treatment systems, pumping stations …   Universalium

• Pacific Ocean — an ocean bordered by the American continents, Asia, and Australia: largest ocean in the world; divided by the equator into the North Pacific and the South Pacific. 70,000,000 sq. mi. (181,300,000 sq. km); greatest known depth, 35,433 ft. (10,800… …   Universalium

• Heat exchanger — An interchangeable plate heat exchanger Tubular heat exchan …   Wikipedia

• Spray tower — Spray towers or spray chambers are a form of pollution control technology. They consist of empty cylindrical vessels made of steel or plastic and nozzles that spray liquid into the vessels. The inlet gas stream usually enters the bottom of the… …   Wikipedia

• Earth Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Geology and Geochemistry       The theme of the 33rd International Geological Congress, which was held in Norway in August 2008, was “Earth System Science: Foundation for Sustainable Development.” It was attended by nearly… …   Universalium

• respiration — respirational, adj. /res peuh ray sheuhn/, n. 1. the act of respiring; inhalation and exhalation of air; breathing. 2. Biol. a. the sum total of the physical and chemical processes in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells,… …   Universalium

• rare-earth element — /rair errth /, Chem. any of a group of closely related metallic elements, comprising the lanthanides, scandium, and yttrium, that are chemically similar by virtue of having the same number of valence electrons. Also called rare earth metal. [1955 …   Universalium

• Mediterranean Sea — a sea surrounded by Africa, Europe, and Asia. 2400 mi. (3865 km) long; 1,145,000 sq. mi. (2,965,550 sq. km); greatest known depth 14,436 ft. (4400 m). Also called Mediterranean. * * * Inland sea enclosed by Europe, Africa, and Asia. Its west east …   Universalium

• separation and purification — ▪ chemistry Introduction       in chemistry, separation of a substance into its components and the removal of impurities. There are a large number of important applications in fields such as medicine and manufacturing. General principles… …   Universalium